Designed to be read one day – and page – at a time, this book offers 365 strategies for implementing technology to design inclusive experiences.
Educators across the world are working to design individualized instruction that empowers every student to become experts at learning. Technology and instructional interventions designed to support students with disabilities often eventually become mainstream and used by the masses. These practices provide a pathway for designing inclusive, equitable and accessible educational experiences that meet the needs of every individual learner.
This engaging book includes daily strategies accompanied by examples of tools that can be implemented immediately to design meaningful instruction. Topics covered include role-playing games for social-emotional learning, building literacy through captioned video, coding to teach early literacy, text-to-speech for math and reading, and much more!
Each daily strategy includes:
• Explanation of how to use the strategy to design inclusive educational experiences.
• Examples of tools that can be used to implement the strategy.
• Alternative ways to use the strategy to extend student learning.
• Images illustrating the strategy or tool.
• Identification of relevant ISTE Standards for Educators and ISTE Standards for Students.
• Related resources.
The heart of the book is the shift in mindset that occurs by exploring a different practical, inclusive strategy each day and infusing these strategies into everyday practice.
Also, I’ll be presenting at both FETC 2019 and ATIA 2019. See you there!
FETC 2019
25 Ways To Improve Your Inclusive Practices
with Mike Marotta
Learning need not be a chore for everyone, including those students with IEPs or 504 plans. Join the fun as we explore 25 methods that engage and empower ALL students to take charge of their own learning. Infuse your classroom or school with these inclusive practices to design educational experiences that meet the unique needs of every learner. From apps to browser extensions to web tools — let’s find supports to promote active learning for every student in this BYOD workshop.
Escape The Room With Inclusive Strategies
Work individually or divide up into teams to see if you can Escape the Room! Collect the clues, decipher the riddles, and solve the puzzles to claim your prize! Along the way you’ll experience a variety of instructional strategies useful for designing inclusive and accessible educational experiences. Leave with a list of practical tools, resources, and ideas to help teach every learner. Even if you fail, you win! Will you ESCAPE THE ROOM? Note: This is not a Breakout EDU Session. This is a customized experience to showcase functional and practical tools to enhance inclusive and universal design.
Meet The Author
FETC is hosting a “Meet the Authors” Booth in the Expo hall at the Orange County Convention Center. Come meet authors of best-selling education technology books, take selfies, ask questions, get your books signed, purchase books and discuss hot topics.
Today’s technology, including everyday tools designed for the mainstream market and specially designed assistive technology tools can support individuals who struggle with note-taking and organization of resources or text based information. This full-day session will examine a variety of note-taking and organizational tools accessible on a range of platforms, including Chrome, iOS, and Android, as well as tools that help students move back and forth between paper and digital notes. We will approach the issue of note-taking from multiple perspectives and offer solutions to meet the diverse needs of all learners. Explore a range of AT tools designed for notetaking along with everyday technology tools to support all learners, including apps, websites, specialized notebooks, and audio recording pens.
25 Ways To Improve Your Inclusive Practices
with Mike Marotta
Learning need not be a chore for everyone, including those students with IEPs or 504 plans. Join the fun as we explore 25 methods that engage and empower ALL students to take charge of their own learning. Infuse your classroom or school with these inclusive practices to design educational experiences that meet the unique needs of every learner. From apps to browser extensions to web tools — let’s find supports to promote active learning for every student in this BYOD workshop.
Make Learning Awesome By Designing Personalized Experiences For All!
with Beth Poss
The very nature of education is changing to become more personalized and learner-centered. In this interactive presentation, participants will discuss how to design accessible learning experiences using technology in the era of Personalized Learning, Universal Design for Learning, The Growth Mindset, Project Based Learning, The Maker Movement, Bring Your Own Technology initiatives, and open educational resources. Together we’ll discuss a process for assessing student abilities and knowledge, strategies for targeting areas for instruction, integrating accessible digital content in a way that engages the individual by utilizing student choice, enticing students to reflect on their own learning, and using the data collected from these lessons to design future experiences. With guidance from the instructors, participants will generate a list of strategies to be used in different areas of instruction including Environmental Design, Digital Content Integration, Student Agency, and Evidence Based Decision-making. Bring your devices to participate in this learning event.
AAC Agreements: Establishing Evidence-based Universal Truths For Consideration and Implementation
with Shaun Pearson & Chris CichoskiKelly
What are universal truths that every practitioner should know when working with a person using an AAC device? In this interactive session, participants will learn existing universal truths known as AAC Agreements which exist in draft format created during collaborative discussions from sessions at previous ATIA conferences. Participants will then engage in their choice of an activity to either find evidence that supports (or refutes) an existing agreement, or to develop a new, potential, evidence-based agreement. Participants will collaborate online to create a robust and valuable resource for the AAC community. Participants will discuss how to develop a process for continued contributions and how to develop a system for content review. Participants will leave aware of existing agreements, knowledgeable about research-based methodology to support (or refute) a claim, and part of a larger community of those interested in evidence based practices for AAC selection and implementation.
Augmentative and Alternative Communication Spotlight: Addressing Challenges to AAC Implementation
with Carole Zangari, Gail Van Tatenhove, Vicki Clarke, Caroline Musslewhite
How can we best address some of the most impactful challenges to strong AAC implementation? The AAC Strand Spotlight will be a moderated panel with presenters from private practice/consultancy, school, and clinical settings. The session will begin with some remarks regarding issues and trends in the AAC field. Each panelist will then discuss their current thinking on best practices in implementing AAC tools and strategies. Panelists will identify two challenges to AAC implementation and discuss approaches to addressing each one.
App Smackdown
with Beth Poss, Mike Marotta, Karen Janowski
Sharing is everything right? Wouldn’t it be nice if a group of people could just sit down and share different apps that can be used on iOS, Android or Chrome? If you answered ‘yes,’ then this session is for you! Join us for this year’s edition of the App Smackdown. In this session, participants will share with each other different apps that can be used with and/or by individuals with disabilities. Come join us for a fast-paced and exciting experience for sharing your knowledge and learning with others. Bring your devices with you to share because this session is all about YOU!! The hour flies by so come ready to learn. The facilitators will compile list of shared tools for future reference.
PD Smackdown
with Beth Poss, Mike Marotta, Diana Carl
Want to learn about innovative ideas for professional development? Join us for this interactive, newly formatted Smackdown! We will provide 4 interactive discussion groups to brainstorm and discuss the ideas in the various stages of PD (Prepare, Present, Practice & Performance). All participants will have an opportunity to give input in these stages. Then there will be a 20 minute report to share with the entire audience. This session is only as good as the participants who bring the ideas, programs and share their experiences! Through our facilitators, we will share the outcomes from each group. All session ideas will be collected via shared online resource which will be available after the session.
Starting the week of July 9th, educators around the world will be discussing questions related to The New Assistive Tech: Make Learning Awesome For All using the hashtag #atchat on Twitter. Each week a new question will be posed inviting readers around the world to participate in the discussion. Questions will also be posed on Flipgrid. The password to enter is atchat18. Participants are invited to respond using the modality of their choice!
Join the conversation, engage with others, and help others transform into Educational Experience Designers!
And, just in case you’re like, “What the heck is this book about?” Here’s more info about The New Assistive Tech!
This book:
Provides a methodology for transforming educators into experience designers by adopting a mindset of inclusive practices.
Details how an educational team can effectively request assistance to determine technology needs.
Explains how to provide assistance by coaching an educational team through a process to make informed decisions about technology needs.
Describes a proactive approach to professional development for individuals and for those who train others on the use of technology.
Assists individuals or teams in creating an action plan for developing a culture of inclusion.
Interweaves stories, songs, games, activities and other exciting features to make the experience of reading the book fun!
The New Assistive Tech is a catalyst for breaking down walls between special education and general education, and will help all educators realize they have tech knowledge (and can build upon that knowledge) that can be used to support all students, including those with disabilities.
School districts often struggle to develop consistent practices for meeting the assistive needs of students receiving special education services. This fun yet professional book will help PK-12 educators learn a process to improve how they consider, select, and implement technology to help all students!
This book:
Provides a methodology for transforming educators into experience designers by adopting a mindset of inclusive practices.
Details how an educational team can effectively request assistance to determine technology needs.
Explains how to provide assistance by coaching an educational team through a process to make informed decisions about technology needs.
Describes a proactive approach to professional development for individuals and for those who train others on the use of technology.
Assists individuals or teams in creating an action plan for developing a culture of inclusion.
Interweaves stories, songs, games, activities and other exciting features to make the experience of reading the book fun!
The New Assistive Tech is a catalyst for breaking down walls between special education and general education, and will help all educators realize they have tech knowledge (and can build upon that knowledge) that can be used to support all students, including those with disabilities.
School districts often struggle to develop consistent practices for meeting the assistive needs of students receiving special education services. This fun yet professional book will help PK-12 educators learn a process to improve how they consider, select, and implement technology to help all students!
This book:
Provides a methodology for transforming educators into experience designers by adopting a mindset of inclusive practices.
Details how an educational team can effectively request assistance to determine technology needs.
Explains how to provide assistance by coaching an educational team through a process to make informed decisions about technology needs.
Describes a proactive approach to professional development for individuals and for those who train others on the use of technology.
Assists individuals or teams in creating an action plan for developing a culture of inclusion.
Interweaves stories, songs, games, activities and other exciting features to make the experience of reading the book fun!
The New Assistive Tech is a catalyst for breaking down walls between special education and general education, and will help all educators realize they have tech knowledge (and can build upon that knowledge) that can be used to support all students, including those with disabilities.
This year the International Society for Technology in Education is hosting its first ever People’s Choice Award style contest for presentation proposals to the annual conference. Mike Marotta (@mmatp) and I have teamed up to put together a proposal for a session called 25 Ways To Improve Your Inclusive Practices. We need your help to get accepted!
Are you going to the Assistive Technology Industry Association Conference in Orlando, Florida in February of 2018? If so, join AT Makers for AT Maker Day! There will be activities where AT Maker groups share their projects, sessions where you learn new maker skills, and opportunities to brainstorm problems and project ideas. AT Maker Day is a free event! Don’t just make stuff! Make stuff to HELP others!
Sadly, I won’t be at ATIA 2018, so you need to go for me! I need to hear all about it!
New Book Update!
The book has gone to the copy editor! The title and cover design will the announced soon! I’m super excited to bring it to you!
I’ve moved the audio files associated with the A.T.TIPScast from Cyberears to Podbean. If you experience any interruptions to how you access the A.T.TIPSCAST using your podcast application, re-subscribe! You can access every episode from http://attipscast.podbean.com/. I apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused you.
Every episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST has been converted into a video and uploaded to YouTube. You can access a video version of every episode from the YouTube Channel.
New content for the A.T.TIPSCAST continues to be on hold, but that doesn’t mean new content isn’t being produced! I’ve partnered with Lucas Steuber from SpeechScience and Rachel Madel to create a new podcast called Talking with Tech! The new podcast features discussions about technology related to communication and beyond!
New Book Update!
The book has gone through the first round of peer reviews! It is time to use their feedback to tighten some things up and move some things around to make it the best it can be before its ready to be released into the wild.
This week I was invited to present an hour long webinar for YappGuru University’s AAC After Work series. The series featured a number of internationally known presenters who work in the field of Augmentative/Alternative Communication and Assistive Technology. I presented Five Necessary Components of Effective AAC Implementation. You can find the slide deck by going to http://bit.ly/ygu5aac.
The webinar was recorded and can be purchased through YappGuru University by going to http://bit.ly/ygu5aaccourse. YappGuru University offers .10 ASHA CEUs for successful completion.
Below are some of the comments from some live participants:
“OMG I love the house/door thing!!! I need to use this with current parents!”
“These memes!!! I love it!”
“This was one of the best, most effective presentations I have seen!”
“Most excellent presentation! Loved it!”
“Thank you for all the information that was great!”
Back at ATIA 2017, I was invited to record a video for the Cerebral Palsy Foundation as part of their ongoing video series. I chose to talk about a concept called the Least Dangerous Assumption authored by Anne Donnellan and expounded upon on Cheryl Jorgensen in a follow-up article. The Foundation then took my raw footage and turned into something watchable (and, I hope if you like it, also shareable). Here’s the final cut! I hope I did the concept justice.
Here’s a big thank you to the Foundation for inviting me to record the video and to Karen Janowski for connecting us! Thank you Karen!
Where the heck have you been? There hasn’t been any new updates to the A.T.TIPScast in awhile. What’s the deal? While you’re busy explaining things, here’s another question for you. The Practical and Fun Guide to Assistive Technology in Public Schools turns 7 years old in April. Are there any plans for another book? Do you have any plans to do anything else? Whatchya working on? What’s keeping you busy these days?
Thanks for keeping us in the loop,
Everyone
Dear Everyone,
Thank you for the questions. Believe me, no one is itching to get back to producing new podcast episodes more than me! I miss it! As for now though, the A.T.TIPScast is on vacation as number of different projects have taken precedence. Recently, I participated in an interview with Mai Ling Chan who recently launched YappGuruU, a new online learning platform specializing in courses for professionals working with people with disabilities. In the interview, we discuss some past events like the TEDxAshburn presentation but then dive into what’s been going on currently. Here’s a link to watch the video over on Facebook Live.
But, for those of you like me, List Lovers, here’s the breakdown of what’s up…with bullets!
Episode YouTube Conversion Project – Every episode of the A.T.TIPScast is being converted and archived in YouTube. Check out the progress over at the A.T.TIPScast YouTube page.
Presentations & Coaching – Whether in person, via video conference, or through a webinar, I’ve been busy presenting. I’ve also been coaching teams working to bring about change in their educational institutions with regard to technology implementation for people with disabilities. You can see an entire list of presentation here.
YappGuru University Course – Once the A.T.TIPScast episodes are loaded in YouTube, I’ll be working to put them together in a way where people can get professional development credit for listening to them through YappGuru University.
NEW BOOK! – I’m busy writing a new book to be published by the International Society for Technology in Education. The book is an entirely new work focusing on creating practices and programs built upon educational experiences designed for every learner using contemporary technology considerations.
So, that’s what’s going on with me! If you’re reading this, then it’s because of you I have all these opportunities to make a change in the world.
By now, you’ve probably heard of the Mannequin Challenge. The concept is simple. For no good reason, create a scene where everyone holds completely still as another person walks through the scene filming it. Then, post your video to entertain or inspire others. Here’s a link to some of the more popular ones which have already been created – http://time.com/4565174/mannequin-challenge-ranking/
How does this relate assistive technology?
Let’s gather together to participate in a Mannequin Challenge to raise awareness for the use of technology to support people with disabilities. Let’s do an Assistive Technology Mannequin Challenge.
When: Friday, January 20th at 6:30pm ET
Where: At the launch of EdcampAccess at the 2017 Assistive Technology Industry Association Conference in Orlando, Florida
What to do: Creatively show off a concept, principle, practice, or piece of technology used to support a person with a disability by holding a pose for approximately 1 – 2 minutes. Someone, likely me, will slowly move through the crowd filming it.
Once recorded, I’ll edit it together with some music and post it to YouTube. Then we can all share it with everyone we know!
If you have any questions, let me know!
Hope to see you there!
UPDATE! The Mannequin Challenge Happened! Here is the video we made together!
Episode #155 features a recording of a conversation between Chris and his wife Melissa which takes place during a baby sitting session. The episode explores early language development and describes the strategy of Aided Language Stimulation (ALgS) necessary for teaching language to a user of augmentative/alternative communication.
A.T.TIPS in this Episode –
A.T.TIP #488: Model on the AAC device.
Also, here’s a video that explains Aided Language Stimulation:
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner above to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Episode Overview –
Episode #154 features a discussion on the concept of using motor plans and motor memory to become automatic at using an AAC device.
A.T.TIPS in this Episode –
A.T.TIP #486: Plan for motor memory right from the onset of device implementation.
A.T.TIP #487: Don’t mess with the motor plan once established.
Attribution Notification – Portions of the following musical tracks were used in this episode:
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner above to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Episode Overview –
Episode #153 features a discussion on which vocabulary to target when teaching language to a student who uses an augmentative/alternative communication device. This is the episode for Better Hearing and Speech Month of 2016.
A.T.TIPS in this Episode –
A.T.TIP #484: Use open-ended questions rather than closed questions. Try this exercise to practice!
A.T.TIP #485: Converse with device users in such a way that allows them to respond using the most frequently used vocabulary.
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner above to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Episode Overview –
Episode #152 is a discussion on how to teach language by breaking it down into component parts and structuring lessons around language concepts.
A.T.TIPS in this Episode –
A.T.TIP #481: Developing a plan to target one or two words per week (or so) building up to more complex/grouped language concepts.
Sample Planning Sheet
Targetted Word – Put
Numbers in Language Opportunities column are minimum opportunities
to use the targetted word
TIME
ACTIVITY
LANGUAGE OPPORTUNITIES
8:00 – 8:30
Morning Circle
Attendance – Where to put others (5)
Calendar – Where to put # day (5)
Weather – Where to put clothes on character (5)
8:30 – 9:00
Science
Plants – Soil in cup (3), seeds in soil (5), water in soil (2), plant near window (1)
9:00 – 9:30
Storytime
Story w/ “put” – Grocery shopping. Put in basket (3), put on belt (3), put in bag (1) put in car (1), put in house (1), put away (3)
9:30 – 10:00
Snack
Plate on table (1), cup on table (1), Put on plate (5), put in cup (5), put in hand (5), put top on (1), put in mouth (5), put away (1)
10:00 – 10:30
Art
Paper on table (1), paint on table (3), brush on table (1), water in cup (1), water on table (1), smock on (1), paint on brush (5), brush on paper (5), brush in water (5), paper away (1), paint away (3), brush away (1), water away (1), smock off (1)
10:30 – 11:00
Maths
Addition – Squares on board (10), Group squares (10), Numbers to match squares (10)
A.T.TIP #482: Plan for at least 100 structured experiences to expose and use the targeted word or language concept.
A.T.TIP #483: Teaching language is more like building a house than unlocking a door.
There is not an A.T.TIPSCAST Episode associated with this post.
BACKGROUND INFO
Before I begin, I want to make it clear that what you are about to read is not meant to be a criticism but rather a call to help me, and likely others, understand more about what is apparently a confusing topic.
Recently, the Open Educational Resources movement has picked up a head of steam with the announcement of the Open eBooks initiative championed by Michelle Obama and The White House. At the forefront of this initiative was the launch of a new Open eBooks app. Like so many, I was initially excited. Open sourced materials have the potential for providing greater and more varied learning opportunities to everyone including people with disabilities, so what was not to be excited about?
Many of the people in my extended network of educators (Marvin Williams, Mike Marotta, Jamie Martin, etc.) working for and with people with disabilities began exploring the app for its accessibility features, including myself. The results were concerning as many discovered that the registration process to utilize the app was cumbersome and a barrier in itself, requiring educators to input demographic data that isn’t necessarily readily accessible to them. Once past the registration process, some necessary features were not universally available on every book within the app. Features such as text to speech, text to speech with dual highlighting, and image descriptions were simply not present ubiquitously.
These findings spurred an outcry (encapsulated in this blog post by June Behrmann), which, I think, led to the accessibility features of the Open eBooks app to be a topic of #ATchat on March 2nd. Andrew Marcinek, the Open Education Advisor to the Office of Educational Technology was an active participant in the chat and addressed the concerns.
ASKING THE RIGHT QUESTIONS
But, here are the questions that have been plaguing me. Why does another app need to exist in the first place? Could open educational resources be created, organized, and shared in such a way that are device agnostic? Or, to put it simply, could open educational resources be made available in such a way that the user chooses which application he or she wants to use to experience the content? Could the government, rather than backing an additional app with a limited library of materials, support a structure where a user could search the entirety of open educational resources and then, select and open a file using whatever tool they want?
Currently, a person might need to maintain multiple apps to get to a specific piece of content. Each app has its own UI experience and accessibility features. Users need to maintain all of these apps, navigate the differing UI experiences, and mitigate varied features of the different apps, which makes for a giant ball of confusion.
A typical user experience might be as follows:
“Hmmm…where can I find this title? Let me check this app. Nope, that title is not there. Now let me check this other app. Nope, that title is not here either. Now, let me check yet another app! Huzzah, the title is here but this app isn’t an app that has the accessibility feature I need (or even prefer).”
If I’m a user who already has trouble reading and possibly has executive functioning difficulties, adding yet another library for me to check likely adds a barrier rather than knocks one down.
Instead of asking users to search multiple libraries individually could the government help provide one central place where all users go to get the content in the format they choose? Instead of backing yet another new app, could the money be spent building a tool which ties all the existing open educational resources together to make them searchable?
TRANSPORTATION AS A MODEL
Consider how the government works to facilitate transportation in the US. As part of the nation’s infrastructure, the government contracts out the companies to build roads. The government doesn’t contract out to companies to build cars that go on these roads. The government provides regulations for the construction of the cars but doesn’t manufacture them.
Could the same model be applied to open educational resources? Like the building of roads, the government could contract out to a company to build a searchable structure tying all open education resources together. When a user is looking for a resource, they could just go to this one place. The user could search the database and results could come back with all the file formats available. The user could then select the file format to open in the app of her or his choice (Open in…). To ensure accessibility and compatibility, the government could provide regulations about the criteria necessary for that file to be found in the search, just like what currently exists for the creation of automobiles regarding safety and environmental regulations. “If you’re going to sell a car in the US, it needs to meet these safety and environmental parameters. If you’re going to share a resource in the National (Open) Educational Resource Database (NERD, for short! Yes! How great is that?!?!) it needs to meet these accessibility standards.”
I fear the time, effort, and money spent creating the Open eBooks app was like building a car when what was really needed was a road. As a driver, I want to be able to choose my car knowing no matter which I choose, I’m ensured some base level of safety. As a reader, I want to be able to choose my reading application, knowing no matter which I choose, I’m ensured some base level of accessibility. I shouldn’t need to have multiple cars in order to get to where I want to go just like I shouldn’t need to have multiple eBook applications in order to read the materials from which I want to learn.
All that written, I could be completely backward on this. I’m open to the idea that I’m completely and utterly wrong, which is why I started this post asking for a call to further my understanding. Please comment below to further the conversation!
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner above to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Episode Overview –
Episode #151 is a discussion of the philosophy of Spontaneous Novel Utterance Generation (SNUG) and what the term “Presuming Competence” means in relation to teaching language to users of augmentative/alternative communication.
A.T.TIP #480: http://bit.ly/aacagreements – A list generated at Edcamp at ATIA 2016 by professionals working in the field of AAC outlining 12 agreed upon principles.
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner above to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Episode Overview –
Episode #150 is a review of the film Star Wars: The Force Awakens from an educational perspective.
This is a blog only post. There is not an A.T.TIPSCAST Episode associated with this post.
If you haven’t heard about it before, there is this event coming up in a few weeks called The Assistive Technology Industry Association conference. It happens every year. I’ve been before and, unfortunately, I have to be there again. For me, it is too late. I must go. You, however, might still have a chance to avoid it, which I HIGHLY recommend you do based on the following top ten reasons…
10. You’re sick of learning new stuff. Learning new things is so 2015. Why would you want to learn about the latest innovative approaches to using technology to help people with disabilities? It’s better to stay home and binge watch some show on Netflix.
9. It’s in Florida in January. The weather is horrible. The glare from the sun can be blinding. That much sun can have a drying effect on your skin let alone the risk of sunburn. Better stay home, especially if where you live is cold. If you really need a place to go in January, consider Buffalo. I hear they need your help shoveling. You could do way more good to the world there than by learning how to be better at your job of educating others (not to mention build some muscles).
8. Pre-conference overload. If your supervisor is forcing you to go to ATIA, whatever you do, DO NOT GO to the pre-conference sessions. Why spend even more time in Florida? What a waste! Especially avoid any pre-conference provided by Beth Poss and that guy she presents with sometimes (I forget his name, handsome though). They are doing something on UDL and 21st Century Learning. No one who has ever gone to one of their sessions before has come out happy, enthusiastic, or inspired to try the new tools and approaches they experienced. Who wants to learn best practices for engaging contemporary students? Pish posh. Long live worksheets! Afterall, that’s how I done learned all the things I done learned. Do not click on this link to sign up for their session – http://bit.ly/atia16precons Avoid it like you avoided spoilers for The Force Awakens.
7. MEGA pre-conference overload. Just who do these organizers of ATIA think they are? Offering the choice between two-one day pre-conference sessions and one two-day pre-conference sessions is ridiculous. I can’t decide what I want to eat in the morning let alone choose from all these different types of sessions. Don’t they know people want less choice, not more? Just tell me what to go to already! But whatever you do, don’t sign up to learn about how to establish, maintain, and grow your team from actual people who have established, maintained, and grown a team. Members of the Loudoun County Public Schools AT Team are the last listed pre-conference session on this page – http://bit.ly/atia16precons. Your team is already strong enough, large enough, and operates with practices streamlined enough that you don’t need to work with them to learn innovative service delivery design methodologies. If you’re like me, you’re too busy working harder to work smarter. Skip it like hopscotch.
6. It’s boring. Sessions are just borzzzzz. Sorry, fell asleep just thinking about all the face-to-face conversations I’ll be forced to have with professionals from all around the world who do what I do. Why, it’s absolutely mind numbing to think of the conversations where we’ll be talking about strategies and techniques that actually work for people. Choose to do something more interesting with your time, like watching paint dry.
5. Camping is not my idea of a vacation. Last year there was this free event AFTER the conference (like I wasn’t already completely drained from the experience of the actual conference) called Edcamp. It’s done in an informal “unconference” format where people just show up, throw ideas on a board, and then go to designated rooms to talk together about those ideas. What a nightmare! Who wants to sit around in large circles discussing the most important issues impacting people with disabilities…for free? This year, the organizers have the gall of doing it again and, get this, they are informally calling it “EdCamp After Dark” because it is in the evening. No. I’m sorry. I’d rather go clubbing than sit around talking with some of the “names” in the field about the issues that matter most. Avoid clicking here to register – http://bit.ly/edcampatia16 Call me an Uber and dial up the Taylor Swift. This guy is off to get his dance on.
4. Obnoxious vendors and their wares. Why do I need to float through the vendor hall touching hundreds of actual products, pushing the buttons, and interacting with the people who develop those products? I CAN GOOGLE IT! Vendors stand over their booths like trap door spiders waiting for prey to walk by so they can leap out and snatch them. Then, once they have you ensnared, they show you all the stuff their product can do to help all the people you’re supposed to be serving. Who would want to learn about the latest innovations and updates? They don’t want to hear about our practical consumer needs. They just want to further develop their products based on guesswork, not actual feedback from real people like you and me. If you have to be at ATIA, do yourself a favor and avoid the vendor hall altogether. Learning about products, new and old, from the people who actually make them is about as fruitful as punching yourself in the face. Instead, spend your time scrolling through your Facebook feed to see what your old high school buddies think about Donald Trump.
3. The facilities are disgustingly horrid. The constant sound of the waterfall pouring into the pool is irritating. The pool is surrounded by palm trees which provide way too much shade. There is even this tropical bird outside sometimes that makes this abnormal screeching sound reminding you that you’re not in Kansas anymore. What are you, a pirate? ARRRRGGHHHH!!! Don’t be fooled into thinking this is enjoyable, fun, or relaxing. It is just so stressful to have to decide how and where to position the lounge chairs. Avoid the hassle and stay inside, or better yet, home.
2. There’s a hashtag! It’s 2016 people! Haven’t you heard that conferences are passe’ and that you can learn everything online? Why BE at the conference when so many nerds will be posting their experiences using the #atia16 hashtag? You don’t need to actually be there interacting in person with people! Instead, you can just follow along online. People who have done that in the past have never ever stated a feeling of FOMO. They all say that it is just like being there. If it is just like being there, then why go? Prove the administrators right who said that you don’t need to travel to learn new things. They need the ego boost.
1. The selfish people. If you’ve been to ATIA before then you know the absolute worst part of the entire experience is how selfish the people are who attend. Presenters talking the entire time in their sessions telling you how great their ideas are is just one example of how conceited and stuck up people there can be. Without any respect for YOUR time, people interact with you to bring about real change in the lives of others. Some might think they do this out of a genuine concern and compassion for others; a desire to make the world a better place. But really, they just want to get their names out there. When you’re sitting is sessions, chatting in the hall, networking by the pool, and sharing meals with anyone at ATIA, just remember that they probably have some sort of secret agenda. They’re most likely looking out for number one, trying to manipulate you in some way, and have no genuine interest in actually helping you or people with disabilities.
I hope you heed my warnings. I hope I’ve convinced you to stay far away from Central Florida in early February. I have to be there but it might not be too late for you! You don’t have to click this link to register – http://bit.ly/atia16registration. You don’t have to sign up for the “awesome” pre-conference sessions. You don’t have to meet and hobnob with others in the field. You don’t have to succumb to the pressures of the pool. You don’t have to go at all, do you?
Unfortunately yours,
Chris
Some Upcoming Live Presentations
The Assistive Technology Industry Association Conference in Orlando, Florida – February 2016
One-day Pre-conference –Evolution of an AT Team: Real World Experiences Shaping Practices (with Sally Norton-Darr, Stacy McBain and Mark Nichols) REGISTER NOW!
ISAAC Conference in Toronto, Canada – August 2016
AAC Practitioners in the 21st Century: Leveraging Our Efforts through Social Media and Digital Technologies (with Carole Zangari)
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner above to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Episode Overview –
Episode #149 explores the idea that the cultural perception of school is a miserable experience that people need to trudge through rather than actively enjoy and suggests ways to change that perception.
A.T.TIPS in this Episode –
A.T.TIP #476: The C.U.R.R.E acronym (Curiosity, Uniqueness, Risk-Taking, Real World, and Enjoyment)
One-day Pre-conference –Evolution of an AT Team: Real World Experiences Shaping Practices (with Sally Norton-Darr, Stacy McBain and Mark Nichols) REGISTER NOW!
ISAAC Conference in Toronto, Canada – August 2016
AAC Practitioners in the 21st Century: Leveraging Our Efforts through Social Media and Digital Technologies (with Carole Zangari)
The Practical (and Fun) Guide to Assistive Technology in Public Schools
Episode Overview –
Episode #147 features an interview with Marjee Chmiel, the Associate Director of Curriculum and Communications for Smithsonian Institution, to discuss the launch of “Good Thinking! The Science of Teaching Science” — a free, engaging and entertaining new web series designed to support science educators which addresses the need for accessible professional development tools that help teachers break down barriers to understanding scientific principles and increase their classroom skills. A first-of-its-kind series, “Good Thinking!” comprises short, animated videos that explore pedagogical ideas across a range of subject-matter topics like energy, cells, and gravity as well as cognitive research findings on topics like student motivation or the myth of left- and right-brained people. “Good Thinking!” shines a light on the classroom and pedagogical challenges teachers face, and provides solid, science-based ideas that keep their teaching on track. The series enhances K-8 science education and deepens understanding of STEM topics, for teachers and students alike.
Melissa Bugaj, a special education teacher who team teaches in a Conceptual Physics class also participates as a special guest host! Watch the entire Google Hangout below
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner above to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Easy Grade, the EZ Grader that does half points! Replace your cardboard EZ-Grader with the Easy Grade app available for FREE on both iOS and Android.
Episode Overview –
Episode #146 features more answers to questions from listeners who have written e-mails over the past few years. There are a few more movie quotes thrown in for fun. Can you name the movies?
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner above to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Easy Grade, the EZ Grader that does half points! Replace your cardboard EZ-Grader with the Easy Grade app available for FREE on both iOS and Android.
Episode Overview –
Episode #145 features answers to questions from listeners who have written e-mails over the past few years. There are a few movie quotes thrown in. Can you name the movies?
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner above to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Easy Grade, the EZ Grader that does half points! Replace your cardboard EZ-Grader with the Easy Grade app available for FREE on both iOS and Android.
Episode Overview –
Episode #144 features a description of three tools useful for supporting reading by minimizing distractions, providing statistics, and helping to decrease the complexity of difficult vocabulary within bodies of text.
Tucker (Age 9) used the Minecraft Pocket Edition App to create a replica of the U.S.S. Arizona for one of the book projects mentioned in the previous episode.
PAST Center for Technology and Disability Events
Free Tools to Support Reading and Writing Recorded Webinar
Multiple Means of Professional Development Recorded Webinar
Upcoming Center for Technology and Disability Events
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner above to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Episode Overview –
Episode #143 features a description of different engaging tools and strategies used by a 9 year old in fourth grade to complete monthly book study projects. Each month the student was assigned a genre of book to read. After reading the book the student was asked to complete a worksheet of questions, some form of graphic organizer, and then create his own artifact demonstrating that they understood the book.
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner above to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Episode Overview –
Episode #142 features a discussion of different ways educators can support the writing abilities of students by crafting authentic writing opportunities.
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner above to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Episode Overview –
Episode #141 features a discussion of how collection and analysis of student data can be simplified and streamlined using Google Forms.
A.T.TIPS in this Episode –
A.T.TIP #457: Data Collection Using Google Forms
Sample of Google Form for Collecting Data on Progress Toward Student Goals
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner above to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Episode Overview –
Episode #140 is a Christmas present from Chris’s wife, Melissa Bugaj, not only to Chris, but to all of you! Melissa surprised Chris with a recording of her describing a tool she uses in her high school reading class.
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner above to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Episode Overview –
Episode #139 features three song parodies from The Nightmare Before Christmas. My apologies to Tim Burton and Danny Elfman. As you listen, please keep in mind that I’ve never had one singing lesson, ever. In case you’d like to sing along, I’ve added the lyrics below.
This is Technology
Boys and girls of every age
wouldn’t you like to see something strange
Come with us and you will see,
our use of technology
This is technology, this is technology,
students scream when they see its sight
This is technology, everybody make something,
click or press to squeal with deeeelight,
It’s our time, everybody scream,
in this time of technology
I am the one you hold in your hand
screen gone dark and battery glowing red
I am the one sitting in your lap,
keyboard up and ready for your tap
This is technology, this is technology, nology, nology, nology, nology
Press the button to go home,
everyone post things all day long
Its our time, don’t we love it now,
everybody’s waiting for the next surprise
Pinch that corner, then,
zoom in if you can,
that gadget only weighs an ounce and don’t break the..
screen,
this is technology,
front and back and going green,
Aren’t you wired?
Well, that’s just fine,
say it once, say it twice,
take a chance and hold the mice,
write while you type, yeah it’s alright
Everybody scream, everybody scream,
its our time for technology
I am the boy with the tears on his face
gone in a flash with a tablet in place,
I am the girl who you need to teach
I am the one who you need to reach,
I am the teacher trying to get it right,
Making their futures nice and bright
This is technology, this is technology, nology, nology, nology, nology
slender tablets everywhere,
make it fun so we all care,
that’s your job, know what I mean?
in our time of technology
In this time don’t we love it now,
everyone’s waiting for the next surprise
A.TTIPSCAST
helps you with the facts
will help you learn just how to be
Give you tools so students win!
This is technology, everybody scream!
Please make way for a very special guy
Our man Chris is king of the Tipscast,
everyone hail to the tipscast Song
Now, this is Technology, this is Technology, nology, nology, nology, nology
In this time we press home everyone hail to the techno song
On on on on turn it on on on on on on on
—————————————————————————————————-
Chris’s Lament
There are few who deny,
That technology is the best,
For it’s benefits are renowned far and wide
When it comes to surprises
With a backlit light
We make things without even trying
With the slightest little effort
using hashtags and alarms,
Twitter helps teachers find what they seek
With a mic in your hand
And a dulcet tone,
Podcasts swept many listeners off their feet!
Yet year after year,
It’s the same routine
And students grow so weary
when we lecture things.
And I BET!
They like making things,
But they’ve grown tired of the same old thing…
Oh, somewhere deep inside their bones
An emptiness began to grow,
There’s something out there in the wide unknown,
A longing that they’ve never known
They can master it alright,
with strategies out of sight
teachers guide them rightwhen others can’t
They might think it’s yucky or they’re super unlucky
that they’re learning more in Finland, what’s the chance?
And since they have read, they can fill others’ heads
To spread technology integrations.
Any woman or man can learn like they can
But hurry ‘cause we need those educations
Oh you there please do understand
That the song I sing should make you grin
you’d lose that frown,
if you only understood
We can’t give it up,
that wouldn’t be good
We can’t fill that empty place all alone
Students need to explore the great unknown
Give praise and praise year after year
Makes students smile from ear to ear
——————————————————————————————————-
What’s This?
What’s this? What’s this?
There’s tools everywhere
What’s this?
There’s strategies in the air
What’s this?
I can’t believe my eyes
I must be dreaming
Wake up, Chris, this isn’t fair
What’s this?
What’s this? What’s this?
There’s something that I dig
What’s this?
There’s students making things
What’s this?
The schools are lined with
Little children laughing
Everybody seems so happy
Have I possibly gone appy?
What is this?
What’s This?
There’s children using tech
Instead of using pens
They’re busy building joys
And absolutely no one’s ever sad
There’s apps on every screen
Oh, I can’t believe my eyes
And in their bones I feel the choice
That’s coming from inside
Oh, look
What’s this?
They’re putting things online,
they post!
Why they looks so engaged,
inspired!
They’re gathering around to share a story
Roasting worksheets on a fire
What’s this?
What’s this?
In here there’s so much that is free,
how queer!
And who would ever think
And why?
They’re creating unique things
Let’s see what this electric gadget brings
And there’s a smile on everyone
So, now, correct me if I’m wrong
This looks like fun
This looks like fun
Oh, could it be I got my wish?
What’s this?
Oh my, what now?
The children are amazed
But look, there’s something underneath
All tools, no glitches here to block them or ensnare them,
very little mobile things
Secure them in their dreamland.
What’s this?
The worksheets are all missing,
the nightmares can’t be found
And in their place there seems to be
Good feeling all around
Instead of screams, I swear
I can hear learning in the air
The spark of thoughts and reason
Are absolutely everywhere
The sights, the sounds
They’re everywhere and all,
around!
I’ve never felt so good,
before!
This empty place inside of me is
filling up
I simply cannot get enough
I want it, oh, I want it
Oh, I want it for my own
I’ve got to know
I’ve got to know
What is this place that I have found?
What is this?
UDL? Hmmmm???
A.T.TIPS in this Episode –
A.T.TIP #453: Song Parodies to Represent Content for Learners
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner above to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Episode Overview –
Episode #138 features a recording of a Google Hangout on the concept of Universal Design for Learning. Derek Kaufman, a Google certified educator in Northern Virginia invited me to say a few words describing Universal Design for Learning. To our surprise, two leaders in the field of assistive technology and Universal Design for Learning showed up to participate in the discussion! Luis Perez and Marvin Williams added their own insights and experiences to help explain why developing curriculum and lesson plans using a Universal Design for Learning approach is necessary in contemporary education. The entire presentation was recorded and can be found below.
Episode #137 is sponsored by Texthelp. This episode features a recording of a Google Hangout interview with Jason Carroll, the Global Product Manager at Texthelp.com. We discuss the features of the popular Read&Write literacy support software for students who are struggling with reading and writing including an analysis of how to implement some of the most popular and well-utilized features. Features like text-to-speech, word prediction, highlighting, highlight collection, voice notes, picture dictionary, and vocabulary list maker are all discussed.
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner above to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Episode Overview –
Episode #136 features a description and tutorial for the free game Spirit Animals by Scholastic.
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner above to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Episode Overview –
Episode #135 is the 2014 Halloween episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST.
Be A Digital Detective with Beth Poss– 12:45pm – 3:00pm on November 18, 2014. PATINS 2014 Conference.
Twitter 101 with Beth Poss– 10:15am – 11:15am on November 18, 2014. PATINS 2014 Conference.
Technology Driven Data Collection: Using Digital Tools to Document Progress – One-Day Pre-conference – January 28th, 2015. Assistive Technology Industry Association One-Day Pre-conference. Register Now!
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner above to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Episode Overview –
Episode #134 questions the usage of the phrase “able to” when reporting on the abilities of students. This is the Season 8 premiere.
Be A Digital Detective with Beth Poss– 12:45pm – 3:00pm on November 18, 2014. PATINS 2014 Conference.
Twitter 101 with Beth Poss– 10:15am – 11:15am on November 18, 2014. PATINS 2014 Conference.
Technology Driven Data Collection: Using Digital Tools to Document Progress – One-Day Pre-conference – January 28th, 2015. Assistive Technology Industry Association One-Day Pre-conference. Register Now!
This bonus content of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner above to learn about the amazing Read&Write products. Texthelp will continue to sponsor the A.T.TIPSCAST with new episodes starting in the Fall!
New Content Coming Soon –
As mentioned in previous episodes, I was forced to cut back on the number of episodes produced during the 13-14 school year. Kids getting older, selling our house, moving, and all the rest of life’s adventures forced a truncated Season 7 with 12 new episodes rather than the typical 20. The A.T.TIPSCAST will return in the Fall with at least 12 new episodes spanning the 14-15 school year. See you then!
You’ve Got Questions About Universal Design for Learning? – Google Hangout – September 25th, 2014. Google Education Group of Northern Virginia. Sign up to attend!
Be A Digital Detective with Beth Poss– 12:45pm – 3:00pm on November 18, 2014. PATINS 2014 Conference.
Twitter 101 with Beth Poss– 10:15am – 11:15am on November 18, 2014. PATINS 2014 Conference.
Technology Driven Data Collection: Using Digital Tools to Document Progress – One-Day Pre-conference – January 28th, 2015. Assistive Technology Industry Association One-Day Pre-conference. Register Now!
Carole Zangari from the PrAACtical AAC blog wrote to ask me if I could create a brief tutorial on how to access audio content via podcasts so she could better direct readers to some of the A.T.TIPSCAST episodes featuring communication strategies.
This is a step-by-step guide for anyone interested in learning how to search, listen, and subscribe to podcasts.
Sponsor Information –
This bonus content of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner below to learn about the amazing Read&Write products. Texthelp will continue to sponsor the A.T.TIPSCAST with new episodes starting in the Fall!
New Content Coming Soon –
As mentioned in previous episodes, I was forced to cut back on the number of episodes produced during the 13-14 school year. Kids getting older, selling our house, moving, and all the rest of life’s adventures forced a truncated Season 7 with 12 new episodes rather than the typical 20. The A.T.TIPSCAST will return in the Fall with at least 12 new episodes spanning the 14-15 school year. See you then!
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner below to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Use promotion code ATTIPS14SAVE20 to get
20% off online orders of Read&Write!
Cannot be combined with other offers. Offer expires June 30, 2014.
Episode Overview-
Episode #133 features the third in a series of episodes which share stories of how educators supported the needs and preferences of students by selecting accessible instructional materials. This episode focuses on purchasing materials that are accessible so one doesn’t have to modify materials after implementation. You are encouraged to share your own stories in the comments below! This episode also marks the end of Season 7.
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner below to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Use promotion code ATTIPS14SAVE20 to get
20% off online orders of Read&Write!
Cannot be combined with other offers. Offer expires June 30, 2014.
Episode Overview-
Episode #132 features the audio from a Google Hangout held with Lindsey Hill from Evanced Solutions discussing their free application, Wandoo Planet; the world’s first kid-powered interest genome project. Students make selections based on their interests to discover associated media suggestions (books, movies, etc.). Lindsey also describes activities students might encounter when they are visited by the Banish Boredom library tour.
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner below to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Use promotion code ATTIPS14SAVE20 to get
20% off online orders of Read&Write!
Cannot be combined with other offers. Offer expires June 30, 2014.
Episode Overview-
Episode #131 features the second in a series of episodes which share stories of how educators supported the needs and preferences of students by selecting instructional materials that were provided in a digital format. This episode references materials based on a question from an educator working at the secondary level. You are encouraged to share your own stories in the comments below!
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner below to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Use promotion code ATTIPS14SAVE20 to get
20% off online orders of Read&Write!
Cannot be combined with other offers. Offer expires June 30, 2014.
Episode Overview-
Episode #130 features the first in a series of episodes which share stories of how educators supported the needs and preferences of students by selecting instructional materials that were accessible. You are encouraged to share your own stories in the comments below!
A.T.TIPS in this Episode –
A.T.TIP #418 – Planning to use text-based materials that are already available in a digital format.
A.T.TIP #419 – Check your local public library for digital versions of text
Upcoming Presentations –
ISTE SIGML Second Life and TweetChat –
Mobilize your Productivity with iOS7 Accessibility Options – Tips and Tricks for All! – Monday, March 24th 8:00pm – 9:00pm ET Second Life Presentation with Mark Nichols (SLURL to VSTE Island: http://bit.ly/17zxhaZ) & 9:00pm – 10pm ET Tweetchat (Follow the hashtag #sigml)
VA Training and Technical Assistance Center Region 5 –
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner below to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Use promotion code ATTIPS14SAVE10 to get
10% off online orders of Read&Write!
Cannot be combined with other offers. Offer expires March 31, 2014.
Episode Overview-
Episode #129 features a reading of the blog post below which outlines challenges with the current definition of an assistive technology device and proposes a new way to define the term. I didn’t want to wait to record the audio to get these ideas across so the text below came out one day before the audio was posted.
Redefining “Assistive Technology Device”
by Christopher Bugaj
There is a problem with the definition of an assistive technology device. I am, someone who hosts a podcast, has co-written a book, authored an app, has a job title, and works in a profession which all use the common term “assistive technology” in the title, and yet I wonder if we either need to eliminate the term or, at least, redefine it.
Let’s start by quoting the definition of an “assistive technology device” as it stands with regards to education.
An “assistive technology device” is defined by education law as “any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of a child with a disability.”
Let’s focus on the verb. I believe the verb is the crux of the problem with the definition. The verb in question is “used”.
Let’s put that into play with a made up example juxtaposing two students; one with a disability and one without. For the purposes of the example, I’m going to use a made up piece of technology and a generic task, because the tools and task don’t matter. It doesn’t matter whether the tool is high tech or low tech in relation to the definition.
Here’s the example:
“A student without a disability uses a flibbertyjibbet to learn math”. – We call the flibbertyjibbet “technology”.
“A student with a disability uses a flibbertyjibbet to learn math”. – We call the flibbertyjibbet “assistive technology”.
Both students are using the flibbertyjibbet to increase, maintain, or improve his or her functional math capabilities. The only difference between the two is that one has a disability and the other does not.
When used in this way, the term “assistive technology” spotlights the disability and is ultimately discriminatory.
Now, how about a real example, with a real piece of technology (just in case I lost you with the flibberyjibbet)?
“A student without a disability uses a keyboard to author his essay.” – We call the keyboard “technology”.
“A student with a disability uses a keyboard to author his essay.” – We call the keyboard “assistive technology”.
The only difference between the two students using the device, whatever that device might be, is that the student with the disability might require the device to complete the task where the student without the disability might not require it.
That is, a student with a disability might NEED the keyboard to author the essay where the student without the disability might only prefer to use the keyboard to author the essay despite having the ability to complete the task in other ways.
The need to use a tool is the difference.
So, what do we do to fix this problem with the definition?
I think there are two potential solutions.
Option 1 – Abandon the use of the term “assistive technology” and just call it “technology”. I tweeted a similiar message on Super Bowl Sunday of 2014 immediately after the Microsoft #empowering video aired.
You can watch the ad at http://bit.ly/msempoweringvideo. The point of the ad, besides selling Microsoft products, was to demonstrate how technology can be used to empower individuals, whether you have a disability or not.
The option to eliminate the term “assistive technology” would be hard pressed and wrought with pitfalls. I’m not saying it would be impossible, especially if everyone agreed this was the correct thing to do in the long run, but entire organizations, institutions, careers, professions, and college programs have been built around the term. It is an established “thing” and “things” are hard (not impossible) to change. Myriad questions about funding sources arise as well, as pointed out by some colleagues with whom I correspond via social media. If the term is too well established to be abolished, what else can be done?
That brings us to Option 2.
Option 2 – Redefine “assistive technology device” to use the verb “requires” or “needs”. What if the definition of an assistive technology device read “Any item, piece of equipment or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized, that is required to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of children with disabilities.”?
Wouldn’t that be a better definition?
Using this definition, any item used by a student, whether they have a disability or not, would just be considered “technology”. Any item necessary to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of the student would be considered “assistive technology”.
Are there repercussions I’m not thinking of when proposing the change in the verb in the definition from “used” to “requires” or “needs”?
At the very least the definition should be changed because the nouns “technology” and “device” are synonyms, making the term “Assistive Technology Device” redundant, right? 🙂
What are your thoughts? I’d love to read them publicly in the comments below or you can e-mail me privately at attipscast@gmail.com.
A.T.TIPS in this Episode –
A.T.TIP #417 – Redefining “Assistive Technology Device” swapping the verb “used” for the verb “required”.
Upcoming Presentations –
ISTE SIGML Second Life and TweetChat –
Mobilize your Productivity with iOS7 Accessibility Options – Tips and Tricks for All! -March 24th with Mark Nichols
8:00pm – 9:00pm ET Second Life Presentation, 9:00pm – 10pm ET Tweetchat
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner below to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Use promotion code ATTIPS14SAVE10 to get
10% off online orders of Read&Write!
Cannot be combined with other offers. Offer expires March 31, 2014.
Episode Overview-
Episode #128 features a reading of Chris’ automatic email reply message while he is away at the Assistive Technology Industry Association conference which features app review resources and strategies for teaching reading of multisyllabic words.
A.T.TIP #410 – Georgia Tech Tools for Life App Review site – http://bit.ly/gatfl
A.T.TIP #411 – AppoLearning is an app by Appolicious that showcases the five best educational apps for school-aged students as selected by teachers and app experts across 150 different subjects – http://bit.ly/appolearning
A.T.TIP #412 – Using a mirror to count syllables
A.T.TIP #413 – Highlight vowel sounds in words to count syllables
A.T.TIP #414 – Put syllables on index cards or cells on a graphic organizer to make them easier to manipulate. Drag them around to make words.
A.T.TIP #415 – Place syllables on full pieces of paper and hop to them to make full words.
A.T.TIP #416 – http://arflashcards.com – Winner of the 2013 Edublog Award for Best Mobile App
Also Mentioned In this Episode –
The votes have been tabulated for the 2013 Edublog Awards!
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner below to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Use promotion code ATTIPS14SAVE10 to get
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Episode Overview-
Episode #127 features a discussion of the benefits of inviting secondary students to listen to audio fiction.
This episode features a bumper from David Jackson from Lafayette, Indiana.
The A.T.TIPSCAST has been nominated in the category of “Best Podcasts or Google Hangouts“. Also, ATEval2Go has been nominated in the category of “Best Mobile App“! Please vote to bump them up the rankings. Share with your colleagues, friends, and family!
Click the logos to vote!
Click on the little arrow below the A.T.TIPSCAST or ATEval2Go logos to vote! You should see the number go up by one. See the image below.
The 2013 Edublog Award nominations are out! The A.T.TIPSCAST has been nominated in the category of “Best Podcasts or Google Hangouts“. Also, ATEval2Go has been nominated in the category of “Best Mobile App“! Please vote to bump them up the rankings and share with your colleagues, friends, and family!
Click the logos to vote!
Click on the little arrow below the A.T.TIPSCAST or ATEval2Go logos to vote! You should see the number go up by one. See the image below.
Even if you don’t vote, take some time to explore all the fantastic nominees. The reason they are nominated is because these resources have earned the respect of their peers. These resources have made a lasting impact on people resulting in authentic invigoration, innovation, and inspiration. One or more of these resources might have the same impact on you! You can view them all here.
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner below to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Use promotion code ATTIPS14SAVE10 to get
10% off online orders of Read&Write!
Cannot be combined with other offers. Offer expires March 31, 2014.
Episode Overview-
Episode #126 features a recording of the first draft of the “Classroom-based Technology Tools” chapter for the book Technology Tools for Students with Autism published by Brooke’s publishing. The chapter was authored by Christopher Bugaj, Melissa Hartman, and Mark Nichols. When the chapter was first drafted, it was written as a story following a fictional student with Autism named Mike through his day describing the tools he and his classmates used to accomplish different tasks. Unfortunately, when the chapter was pieced together with the other chapters in the book it just didn’t seem to flow properly. The chapter was re-written to follow a more traditional, essay-like approach. This episode features a reading of the original chapter, which the authors believe still has its merits as a useful way to help people learn about different ways to implement technology in the contemporary classroom for students with Autism. In this episode we hear about Mike’s afternoon following lunch which starts with a sensory break followed by math, recess, science, and concluding with packing up for the day.
This episode is once again hosted by two of the co-authors of the chapter, Melissa Hartman and Mark Nichols.
This is a blog-only post. There isn’t any new audio, or official A.T.TIPSCAST episode, associated with this post. This post outlines my nominations for the 2013 Edublog Awards. In my experience, most educational bloggers, podcasters, and Tweeters do so on their own time, after work hours because it is their passion. They aren’t asked to do it. They aren’t paid to do it. Yet, we all benefit from the many hours they put into their craft.
The Edublog Awards provide a way to recognize these enormous efforts. Here are my nominations for the 2013 Edublog Awards:
Best Individual Blog –
Teaching All Students by Patrick Black – (www.teachingall.blogspot.com) – Yeah, I nominate this blog every year and will continue to until 1. A better blog of its type surfaces or 2. It wins (and even then I might re-nominate it). Fresh ideas, multiple resources, and practical solutions for making instruction accessible to EVERY student. Recent blog posts include apps people should be checking out and how/why to use them. When it comes to implementing technology for every student, this blog is a MUST read.
Best Teacher Blog –
Speech Techie by Sean Sweeney– (www.speechtechie.com) – The winner of the 2010 Best New Blog Edublog award has maintained its status as the premiere blog focusing on the topic of using technology in the practice of speech-language pathology. The beauty of the blog is that the strategies shared are for every educator, not just for those working as speech-language pathologists.
Best Group Blog –
Microsoft Partners-in-Learning Network Hot Topic AccessibilityBlog by Dr. Cindy Feist and Dr. Tara Jeffs (http://www.pil-network.com/HotTopics/accessibility) – It’s sort of a simple concept. If you make your product accessible to everyone, anyone can use it. Likewise, if you make your lessons accessible to everyone, in benefits every learner. Weekly blog posts every Sunday from respected guest bloggers in the field of education present useful and practical perspectives on how to become more inclusive and to propagate learner variability.
Best New Blog –
Heck Awesome by Carrie Baughcum (http://carriebaughcum.com) – Although Heck Awesome wasn’t Carrie Baughcum’s first foray in to the world of blogging, it may be her best. Recently, Carrie, a middle school special education teacher, combined all of her various projects into on central hub called “Heck Awesome” where she blogs about the tools she is using, her “tech ninjas”, how she is growing professionally, and much, much more. It’s technology implementation with a “this is good for everyone” flavor, which of course, is awesome!
Best Ed Tech / Resource Sharing Blog –
Design Make Teach by Josh Ajima (http://designmaketeach.com) – Inspiring students to use their innate creativity to generate useful solutions is the future of education. The Design Make Teach blog provides a philosophy, process, strategies and examples to spark the creator in any student. Josh shares practical, easy-to-replicate, activities spanning creations using low-tech, household items to fabricating materials using 3D printers. Make something!
Best Educational Use of Audio/Video/Visual/Podcast –
The Edceptional Podcast by Deb Truskey, Tricia Lazarro, and Patrick Black (Edceptional on iTunes) – The Edceptional podcast hit the ground running as part of the EdReach Network and hasn’t looked back! The podcast features reviews and discussions of the latest news, blogs, and resources associated with students who have special needs in school. The varying fields of the hosts and guests makes for well-rounded discussions and well-explained resources that examine all the angles of a topic. If audio is your preferred modality for receiving content and you’re interested in topics related to educating ALL students, then this is the podcast for you! People can listen to the podcast, watch the recorded video on YouTube, or participate LIVE! during the actual recording!
Best Educational Wiki –
The UDLTechToolKit by Karen Janowski & Joyce Kazman Valenza (http://udltechtoolkit.wikispaces.com/) – Simply the best collection of tools on the web for differentiating instruction and infusing options into every lesson plan. The days of handing every student a worksheets and expecting every student to do every task the same way are coming to an end. The UDLTechToolKit provides educators with tools which they can immediately implement in their classrooms to provide students with engaging options for how best they can receive information and express what they know.
Best Open PD, Unconference, or Webinar Series –
VSTELive! Webinar Series (http://www.vste.org/index/learn/webinar) – VSTELive! webinars (Virginia Society for Technology in Education) are always engaging, informative, and cutting edge which gather insights from experts on contemporary topics in the world of educational technology. When you participate in a live VSTE webinar you are certain to have an enjoyable experience while learning new ways of thinking, learning, and doing. Keep ’em coming VSTE!
Best Twitter Hashtag –
#atchat– For years I’ve lurked, following along on different educational Twitter chats but it is only recently that I’ve actually started to participate. It was #atchat on Wednesday nights led by Karen Janowski that got me to switch from passive reviewer to (occasional) active participant. Engaging, timely, and relevant topics are discussed almost every week leading to the sharing of practical tools and strategies that work to help every educator provide more options to students.
Best Free Web Tool –
Read&Write for Google by Texthelp (http://www.texthelp.com/north-america/readwriteforgoogle) – Yes, Texthelp is a long time sponsor the A.T.TIPSCAST (Full Disclosure!) but that isn’t why I’m nominating this tool. Access to text-to-speech is crucial for students growing up using digital tools. Although the toolbar has lots of great features if you purchase it, the text-to-speech feature remains functional even after the 30 free trial runs out. If your students are using Google Docs, there’s no reason (or excuse) not to have it. If you’re not convinced yet, I did an entire A.T.TIPSCAST episode on how to use the tool that you can listen to for more information.
I hope you check out these fantastic resources and, if you agree with my choices, consider voting for these creations, projects, and initiatives to recognize the dedication of these individuals.
My nomination alone does not guarantee that these fine folks will be officially nominated. If you agree with my nominations, consider writing a blog post of your own featuring these terrific educational resources. They deserve your time! Find out more information about how to participate over at The Edublog Awards.
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner below to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Episode Overview-
Episode #125 features a recording of the first draft of the “Classroom-based Technology Tools” chapter for the book Technology Tools for Students with Autism published by Brooke’s publishing. The chapter was authored by Christopher Bugaj, Melissa Hartman, and Mark Nichols. When the chapter was first drafted, it was written as a story following a fictional student with Autism named Mike through his day describing the tools he and his classmates used to accomplish different tasks. Unfortunately, when the chapter was pieced together with the other chapters in the book it just didn’t seem to flow properly. The chapter was re-written to follow a more traditional, essay-like approach. This episode features a reading of the original chapter, which the authors believe still has its merits as a useful way to help people learn about different ways to implement technology in the contemporary classroom for students with Autism. In this episode we hear about Mike starting his day on the bus to school, completing his morning work, participating at the writing station, going to art, and then transitioning to lunch.
This episode is hosted by two of the co-authors of the chapter, Melissa Hartman and Mark Nichols.
A.T.TIPS in this Episode –
A.T.TIP #390 – Social situation stories
A.T.TIP #391 – Calming music for self regulation
A.T.TIP #392 – Mini-offices
A.T.TIP #393 – Thicker pencils
A.T.TIP #394 – Graph paper for lining up math columns
A.T.TIP #395 – Visual timer on Interactive White Board
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner below to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Episode Overview-
Episode #124 features a recording of the events that transpired when Chris and his wife, Melissa, went on a romantic, rustic retreat only to discover an iPad in an abandoned cabin in the woods.
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner below to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Episode Overview-
Episode #123 features a recording of a statement by the spokesman for N.O.T.S.I.C.K., the faux National Organization for Training and School Improvement in Classrooms for Kids, pertaining to the outbreak of the PD2.0 virus. A text version of this statement including additional visuals can be read at the Microsoft Partners in Learning Hot Topics Accessibility blog.
A.T.TIPS in this Episode –
A.T.TIP #376 – Automatic reply e-mails to share professional development resources (See a sample at http://bit.ly/emailreply)
A.T.TIP #377 – E-mail signatures to share professional development resources
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner below to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Episode Overview-
Episode #122 features an original short story written for the Closing The Gap Solutions publication about a frustrated assistive technology specialist who is ready to throw in the towel and look for a new career due to the number of reports she is writing. During a serendipitous meeting she finds two colleagues who offer suggestions as to how she might solve her problem. A big thanks to Melissa Bugaj for narrating the story. If you prefer to read the text version of the article complete with illustrated comics you can subscribe to Closing The Gap Solutions.
A.T.TIPS in this Episode –
A.T.TIP #375 – A Consultation First Model of Service Delivery
One was on professional development and the other was on daily classroom tools.
The book is now available for pre-sale.
Upcoming Presentations –
Chew the P.H.A.T – Policies & How-to’s in Assistive Technology with Sally Norton-Darr – 8am on October 9th, 2013 at Closing the Gap in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Get Your Body Moving – Adventures in Gesture-Based Learning with Karen Dietrich & Dr. Tara Jeffs – 8am on October 10th, 2013 at Closing the Gap in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Multi-modal Professional Development with Sally Norton-Darr – 8am on October 11th, 2013 at Closing the Gap in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
How often do you go to workshops, learn about new tools but upon returning home, never have time to develop your skills with the tools in order to use them successfully?
Don’t Sit N’ Get!
Do More. Learn More. Create More. Accomplish More.
We created a two day session which provides you with the opportunity to dig deep, learning how to use various digital applications with guidance and support. Come with an idea for an initiative, program, lesson, or activity that you’d like to start in your educational institution to propagate a change. Brainstorm, cultivate, and formulate that idea into something tangible and actionable using digital tools. Create a resource with the tools to take back home to use with students, clients, colleagues, or other staff. Use the time in this session to see your idea all the way through to fruition with guided practice from the facilitators. This session will minimize talking at you and maximize hands on doing!
NEED IDEAS? CONSIDER CREATING ANY OF THESE:
Strategy-A-Day Calendar
Multimedia Professional Development Workshop
Blog
Social Media Presence (using tools like Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Vine, Pheed, LinkedIn, SnapGuide, etc.)
Podcast
Video Channel
App Review Resource
Online Professional Development Workshop
Multimedia Slideshow Series
Wiki
eBook
Comic Strip Series centered around a particular topic
(ex. 5 Comics to Teach Core Vocabulary, 5 Comics to Teach UDL, etc.)
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions. Click on the banner below to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Episode Overview-
Episode #121, the first episode of Season 7, features an article written for the Assistive Technology Industry Association’s (ATIA) newsletter about the implementation of digital games to target educational goals. A big thanks to my wife, Melissa Bugaj, for narrating the article. If you prefer to read the text version of the article please enjoy the ATIA newsletter. Some paid games were mentioned in the article. Free-to-play games are listed below as A.T.TIPS.
Chew the P.H.A.T – Policies & How-to’s in Assistive Technology with Sally Norton-Darr – 8am on October 9th, 2013 at Closing the Gap in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Get Your Body Moving – Adventures in Gesture-Based Learning with Karen Dietrich & Dr. Tara Jeffs – 8am on October 10th, 2013 at Closing the Gap in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Multi-modal Professional Development with Sally Norton-Darr – 8am on October 11th, 2013 at Closing the Gap in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
The A.T.TIPSCAST is happy to announce that Texthelp, provider of the award-winning Read&Write software solutions, will continue sponsorship into Season 7! New episodes of the podcast are currently in development.
Click on the banner below to learn about the amazing Read&Write products.
Thank you Texthelp for helping to keep this podcast alive and free to the public!
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning literacy solution Read&Write GOLD. To learn about Read&Write Gold and Texthelp’s suite of web apps click on the banner below!
Use promotion code ATTIPS13SAVE10 to get 10% off online orders of Read&Write GOLD!
Cannot be combined with other offers. Offer expires July 31, 2013.
Episode #120 features a discussion of tools and strategies that can be used to review and reinforce vocabulary skills. This is the second part of the two part episode (started with Episode 115). This episode is also laced with sound clips from Bill and Ted’s Excellent Adventure and Bill and Ted’s Bogus Journey.
This is the final episode of Season 6 of the A.T.TIPSCAST. The A.T.TIPSCAST will return in the Fall with more episodes!
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning literacy solution Read&Write GOLD. To learn about Read&Write Gold and Texthelp’s suite of web apps click on the banner below!
Use promotion code ATTIPS13SAVE10 to get 10% off online orders of Read&Write GOLD!
Cannot be combined with other offers. Offer expires July 31, 2013.
Episode #119 features a review, including spoilers (you have been warned), of the new Superman movie, Man of Steel, and how it relates to contemporary assistive technology and educational practices.
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning literacy solution Read&Write GOLD. To learn about Read&Write Gold and Texthelp’s suite of web apps click on the banner below!
The Scratch “logo” and mascot. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Episode Overview-
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning literacy solution Read&Write GOLD. To learn about Read&Write Gold and Texthelp’s suite of web apps click on the banner below!
Episode #117 features an interview with Keith Hicks, technology resource teacher at Woodgrove High School in Purcellville, Virginia who describes Scratch; a free website created by MIT where you can program your own interactive stories, games, and animations.
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning literacy solution Read&Write GOLD. To learn about Read&Write Gold and Texthelp’s suite of web apps click on the banner below!
Use promotion code ATTIPS13SAVE10 to get 10% off online orders of Read&Write GOLD!
Cannot be combined with other offers. Offer expires May 31, 2013.
Episode #116 features a description of how and why to use core vocabulary (high frequency words) as the basis for an augmentative/alternative communication system.
The entire episode was generated using only “Frequently Occurring Home and School Words” from the list generated in the article “Vocabulary-Use Patterns in Preschool Children: Effects of Context and Time Sampling” by Christine A. Marvin, David R. Beukelman, and Denise Bilyeu published in Augmentative and Alternative Communication, Volume 10 in December, 1994.
The episode demonstrates that using only high frequency words users can still elicit complex, generative language.
A.T.TIP #355 – When using core vocabulary, give students the opportunity to make requests by labeling descriptors (adjectives) or qualities rather than naming an object.
A.T.TIP #356 – Give students the opportunity to direct others to allow them to realize they have an impact on how others perform or behave.
A.T.TIP #357 – When it comes to functional augmentative alternative communication (or any communication for that matter) meaning trumps form (syntax). The meaning of a message is more important than how it is said.
Also Mentioned in This Episode-
May is Better Hearing and Speech Month!
Learn more and get involved by going to
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning literacy solution Read&Write GOLD. To learn about Read&Write Gold and their suite of web apps click on the banner below!
Use promotion code ATTIPS13SAVE10 to get 10% off online orders of Read&Write GOLD!
Cannot be combined with other offers. Offer expires May 31, 2013.
Episode #115 features a review of a few resources and strategies useful for learning, practicing, and reinforcing vocabulary.
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning literacy solution Read&Write GOLD. To learn about Read&Write Gold and their suite of web apps click on the banner below!
Use promotion code ATTIPS13SAVE10 to get 10% off online orders of Read&Write GOLD!
Cannot be combined with other offers. Offer expires May 31, 2013.
Episode #114 features a reading of the extended version of an article written by Beth Poss and Chris Bugaj for the Assistive Technology Industry Association’s April Newsletter. The article describes effective professional development practices useful for any institution.
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning literacy solution Read&Write GOLD. To learn about Read&Write Gold and their suite of web apps click on the banner below!
Use promotion code ATTIPS13SAVE10 to get 10% off online orders of Read&Write GOLD!
Cannot be combined with other offers. Offer expires May 31, 2013.
Episode #113 features a description of the implementation of the free screen mirroring tool Screenleap.com
This episode of the A.T.TIPSCAST is sponsored by Texthelp, provider of the award-winning literacy solution Read&Write GOLD. To learn about Read&Write Gold and their suite of web apps click on the banner below!
Use promotion code ATTIPS13SAVE10 to get 10% off online orders of Read&Write GOLD!
Cannot be combined with other offers. Offer expires May 31, 2013.
Voting ends on December 18th, 2013
Episode #118 features an interview with Michael Milliman, a 
